By putting a redirect you are telling Google and any other search engine that the page you want to show is the second one (the target of your redirect). 

Consider this example:

 - Original page: `https://www.example.com/this-content-is-obsolete`
 - Redirects to: `https://www.example.com/this-content-is-current`

It wouldn't make sense to show in the SERPs the first one, as it's obsolete. The correct way is to show the second page, where the user redirects.

In addition, the canonical tag you've implemented is causing a redirect loop. However, Google is smart enough to handle it correctly.

To get the results you want, you can either:

 1. Redirect from `https://www.example.com/en/index.php` to `https://www.example.com/` and serve your homepage on that URL (which is the default).
 2. If your objective is to serve different languages, implement a form of automatic redirection based on the browser language (however, you'll still need to have some content on `https://www.example.com/` if you want it to be indexed).