It's possible as long as you make the content available for them to find. You can do this two ways (and both are always a good idea):

 1. Submit an XML sitemap in Google Webmaster Tools
 2. Link to each localized version some place that can be crawled and indexed by Google (your home page being an ideal location but an HTML sitemap works also)

If possible, put your localized content in a subdomain or subdirect with the two character representation of the language that content is in (i.e. en.example.com or example.com/en) so Google knows that content is localized. ([source][1]).

Also, if you really want to make sure that content ranks well in the country that speaks that language your best bet is to make separate websites for each langauge and get the country specific TLD for that site (most important - [source][2]), host it in that country (less important), and set the geographic target in Google Webmaster Tools. 

**Update:** Found a great [blog post from Google][3] that should tell you everything I mentioned and even more.


  [1]: http://www.google.com/support/forum/p/Webmasters/thread?tid=12a5507889c20461&hl=en
  [2]: http://www.google.com/support/forum/p/Webmasters/thread?tid=2e61e49baa5a6eaf&hl=en
  [3]: http://googlewebmastercentral.blogspot.com/2010/03/working-with-multi-regional-websites.html