Robots.txt will only prevent bots from crawling the Disallowed URLs, not from indexing them. If the Disallowed URLs are linked to externally, or internally from a page that isn't Disallowed, they'll appear in the index with the snippet text you've quoted.
If you want to exclude them from the index entirely, the best option is probably the canonical link element:
<head>
<link rel="canonical" href="http://www.example.com">
</head>
In the example you give, the page https://example.com/blog/blog/2013/02?limit=200 would contain the following:
<head>
<link rel="canonical" href="https://example.com/blog/blog/2013/02">
</head>
That's assuming HTTPS is your preferred protocol. If it isn't, you should normalise that via 301 redirect.
The advantage of this approach is that you don't have to configure search engine Webmaster Tools.
Using Webmaster Tools
An alternative is to use URL Parameter Filters in Google and Bing Webmaster Tools. In Google, you'll find it under Crawl > URL Parameter Filters.
Typically, that page will already be populated with parameters the crawler has discovered, though you can specify them manually too.
Assuming ?limit=200 is controlling how many items are shown on a page, you'd configure it as follows in Google WMT:
Select "Yes: Changes, reorders or narrows page content"
Select "Narrows"
Select "No URLs"
