I believe this is what you are looking for - https://support.google.com/customsearch/answer/1626955?hl=en
You can specify thumbnail images as follows:
PageMap data in the section of your HTML page A thumbnail meta
tag.
Using a PageMap
You can specify a thumbnail image by adding a PageMap (a block of
code) to the section of your page. This content is invisible to
users, but it can provide valuable information to Custom Search.
Create a thumbnail DataObject for your thumbnail image, like this:
<!--
<PageMap>
<DataObject type="thumbnail">
<Attribute name="src" value="http://www.example.com/recipes/applepie/applepie.jpg"/>
<Attribute name="width" value="100"/>
<Attribute name="height" value="130"/>
</DataObject>
</PageMap>
-->
(You can also use PageMaps to create actions and custom attributes.)
Using a thumbnail meta tag
To specify a thumbnail image for a page, you can add a thumbnail meta
tag to the section of the page, like this:
<meta name="thumbnail" content="http://example/foo.jpg" />