There is nothing in Google's official documentation that would imply negative impact on SEO if mobile site contains slightly different content i.e. breadcrumb links from its desktop equivalent. If however you're using the structured data for Breadcrumb then Google does recommend keeping structured data the same between your mobile and desktop sites: https://developers.google.com/search/mobile-sites/mobile-first-indexing
The most important thing to keep in mind is the fact that Google now primarily crawls the web with a mobile user-agent. So if your mobile site has "less" content, this can potentially negatively impact your SEO.
"If it’s your intention that the mobile page should have less content than the desktop page, you can expect some traffic loss when your site is enabled mobile-first indexing, since Google can't get as much information from your page as before."
https://developers.google.com/search/mobile-sites/mobile-first-indexing
So my recommendation would be to match your mobile content, including breadcrumb links, to your desktop content.