Are some TLDs more expensive than others?

Question

The registration price for domains containing "hot" keyphrases in a domain name (such as seo) is often automatically higher as these considered premium by a pricing algorithm (and its developers).

I wouldn't be surprised if some top level domains (TLDs) will be priced in a similar way; for example, a domain with a TLD like .org might automatically be priced higher than, I don't know, maybe, .info.

Is there a similar pricing process for TLDs and what could be a good example from some formal literature?

Answer 1

Each registry is free to sell its domain the way it wishes, and some do premiums, some do not.
Although it is a very broad subject, it seems to me it is quite covered in passages containing the word premium here:

• How to ensure I always buy an informative domain in the lowest price possible? or

• Should renewal price of gTLD will always be identical to the price of purchase?

Also, maybe this older but extensive answer from me on a similar question would help: https://webmasters.stackexchange.com/a/119904/75842 ("Why TLD domains cost different amounts")

for example, a domain with a TLD like .org might automatically be priced higher than, I don't know, maybe, .info.

Each registry is independent, so they chose their prices based on their own internal policies, so yes at some given point in time, a .org may cost more than a .info, and then later if registries change their prices, the situation can be the opposite. But there is nothing really to answer here: prices change in both time and space (accross TLDs/registries). Some names are even free (with caveats), see .tk for example.

Is there a similar pricing process for TLDs(?)

There are few things similar between pricing domain names and pricing TLDs:
Technically they all work the same, but for anything non technical like prices, there is a lot of diversity.

what could be a good example from some formal literature?

I am not sure to understand what kind of literature you are searching for:
Policies might be different for each TLD. In gTLDs, you have ICANN rules and contracts. They have mention of prices, like I said in my response to one of your previous question linked at start:

There are no real user-visible differences besides the underlying contracts as explained above. You can read ICANN master contract with registries (the 2012 batch, the legacy ones like com, net, org, etc. have their own specific contract) at https://newgtlds.icann.org/sites/default/files/agreements/agreement-approved-31jul17-en.html About pricing, look specifically at section §2.10.