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In the "Inclusion Guidelines for Webmasters" for Google Scholar is written under Indexing Guidelines:
Google Scholar supports Highwire Press tags (e.g., citation_title), Eprints tags (e.g., eprints.title), BE Press tags (e.g., bepress_citation_title), and PRISM tags (e.g., prism.title). Use Dublin Core tags (e.g., DC.title) as a last resort
For a new website. Which of these options (Eprints, BE Press or PRISM) is the best, and where are these tags documented?
Eprints tags are used in the EPrints academic repository software. BE Press tags are used in The Berkley Electronic Press SelectedWorks product. Neither offers documentation on their proprietary meta tags that I could find.
You can, however, view the source of any HTML page generated by an Eprints or SelectedWorks server to see their metadata tags in use. For example, viewing the source on this page from the University of Southampton's Eprints server shows Eprints tags in use, and viewing the source of this page shows BE Press tags in use.
PRISM tags and use cases are provided here. The PRISM Cookbook 3 [PDF] gives an alphabetical listing of all PRISM tags at the back, though there's no specific reference to preparing tags for Google Scholar.
Honestly, though, unless you're using EPrints or SelectedWorks to publish research, or you're part of a publishing house that already uses PRISM in their workflow, I would simply use Google's suggested citation_ tags as referenced in the inclusion guidelines you linked to. From their example:
<meta name="citation_title" content="The testis isoform of the phosphorylase kinase catalytic subunit (PhK-T) plays a critical role in regulation of glycogen mobilization in developing lung">
<meta name="citation_author" content="Liu, Li">
<meta name="citation_author" content="Rannels, Stephen R.">
<meta name="citation_author" content="Falconieri, Mary">
<meta name="citation_author" content="Phillips, Karen S.">
<meta name="citation_author" content="Wolpert, Ellen B.">
<meta name="citation_author" content="Weaver, Timothy E.">
<meta name="citation_date" content="1996/05/17">
<meta name="citation_journal_title" content="Journal of Biological Chemistry">
<meta name="citation_volume" content="271">
<meta name="citation_issue" content="20">
<meta name="citation_firstpage" content="11761">
<meta name="citation_pdf_url" content="http://www.example.com/content/271/20/11761.full.pdf">
Of these, Google says they only need the citation_title, one citation_author, and the citation_date in order to index your work, but I'd suggest providing as much information as you can based on the supported tags they list.
citation_ tags are known as Highwire Press tags, and no, no one is quite sure about what the complete set of those tags is; it seems to depend on whatever the ecosystem (Zotero, Mendeley, Google Scholar, etc.) currently supports: Where are the complete set of Highwire Press metatags defined?
– Illya Moskvin
Dec 19 '19 at 20:34
It looks like Google Scholar previously used Highwire Press Tags.
We now implement Dublin Core tags because lots of sites use Dublin Core. Even Google recommends the use of multiple tag sets.
