Hm, if it would work, it would be an interesting approach... But i very doubt, that it makes any sence, specially at the current time.
Well ok, URL is coming from unified ressource locator (identifier). It means each url should be unique. For times Google was forcing to add to any url of Google News publishers an alphanumeric id. Currently this id is no longer required.
Imagine an example:
Google gets a search query like "best seo tutorial". Google starts a lookup in its index database and gets some urls containing /best-seo-tutorial/. On this place somebody could imagine, an id in the url could help Google to find and deliver certain result faster. But no. All urls, even all urls with the same slug /best-seo-tutorial/ are unique - namely because of domain. The domain brings the context in the game and serves as sufficient identifier for url slugs too.
So thats why i doubt, that any kind of id would bring any kind of SEO benefits.