To answer the question directly, the ONLYonly ways for a page to gain high rankings in Google are:
- Be relevant for the search term. This means having relevant text/keywords on the page (including the title, headings and URL).
- Have lots of links pointing to your page, preferably from quality sites that are well-ranked themselves.
That's not to say the other answers posted are wrong, but they are all indirect versions of those two key rules. Having the best and freshest content means you will naturally gather more links over time. (Although I'll concede, the new "speed factor" doesn't really fit either of these criteria.)