From what I've seen, they generally go with the structural formula:
Simple:
[navigation-top/left/right] + [content L/R/C align]
Advanced:
[columns] + [navigation-top/left/right] + [rows*]
*rows can be split further into more columns, such that there can be a full-width (photograph or chart) and then two columns below of text.
To directly answer your question: What is the standard for template naming conventions within a CMS?
- There isn't a global standard. We'd need to know which CMS you are using. Plus, why would the name carry any significance if the layout would be the same
(2-column vs. news template)?
The Digitalus CMS uses this approach:

While there can be a completely modular approach:

Magento, with intention-based naming:

So as you can see, it really varies with the CMS being used.