While there isn't anything that's a direct equivalent of Yahoo's Open Data Tables, Google does have two products that serve a similar purpose:
Google Fusion Tables
http://www.google.com/fusiontables/
The purpose of this app is exactly what open data people should be
looking for. It’s about defining data tables (hence the name), filling
them up with data, maintain the data collaboratively, discuss it,
visualize it and “merge” it with other open data tables. SQL users,
think JOIN.
...
Naturally, there is an API for read and write access to Fusion Tables.
People who know SQL will likely feel comfortable with that, since one
basically interacts with fusion tables via a subset of SQL, issued via
REST web service queries.
Google Public Data Explorer
http://www.google.com/publicdata/home
Public Data Explorer has been around as labs product for a while,
allowing users to explore a couple of datasets prepared by Google.
But, just recently, it has been announced in the Official Google Blog
that Public Data Explorer is now open to user submissions. If you’re
interested, the Nieman Lab blog has additional insights about the new
launch.
For that purpose, a new data exchange format called Dataset Publishing
Language (DSPL) has been released.
DSPL is worth a closer look, since it tackles many of the problems
which have already been mentioned above: Lack of schema, lack of
metadata, lack of self-descriptiveness and being limited two low
dimensionality. In DSPL, the meta information about the dataset is
described in an XML file. This file contains general information and
describes “concepts”. For example, the DSPL package about european
unemployment data (available from the code site) defines – among
others – a concept of countries and of country_groups. It also
contains relationship information telling us that country_groups
consist of countries. These concepts are then linked to data tables
which are provided as separate CSV files.
Reference: Google’s Open Data Toolkit Mess/Wealth